Probation, Parole, Reentry & Professional Practice Glossary

Federal confidentiality rules governing specified records of substance-use-disorder patient identity, diagnosis, prognosis, or treatment maintained by covered Part 2 programs.

A status generally used when a person under supervision cannot be located or has stopped maintaining required contact. The legal consequences and formal definition vary by jurisdiction.

Credit awarded by an educational institution toward completion of a certificate, diploma, or degree. Academic credit is distinct from correctional earned-time credit.

A provider’s decision to admit, enroll, schedule, employ, house, or otherwise serve a particular person. A directory listing, referral, or payment does not guarantee acceptance.

Digital information designed so people with disabilities can perceive, operate, understand, and use it with assistive technology where needed.

A format adapted for access needs, such as Braille, large print, tagged digital text, audio, captioned video, or another usable alternative.

Recognition that an institution, program, laboratory, or organization meets specified standards. Accreditation generally applies to entities rather than individual officers.

A supervision status that ordinarily requires continuing contact with a probation, parole, or other supervising authority. Reporting frequency and conditions vary by agency and case.

Training introducing disability nondiscrimination, access, effective communication, and reasonable-modification responsibilities. A completion certificate is not a government ADA certification.

A change to a policy, practice, or procedure that may be required to provide a qualified person with a disability meaningful access, unless an applicable legal limitation applies.

The part of the Americans with Disabilities Act that applies to state and local government services, programs, and activities.

The part of the Americans with Disabilities Act that applies to specified private places of public accommodation and commercial facilities.

Documentation that a person completed an ADA-related course. It does not independently establish legal compliance or confer Department of Justice certification.

The formal judicial determination or disposition of a case or charge. In criminal matters, it may include a judgment of guilt, a withheld adjudication, dismissal, acquittal, or another authorized disposition.

A Florida disposition in which a defendant may plead guilty or nolo contendere, or be found guilty, but the court does not formally adjudicate the person guilty. The case, arrest, plea or finding, and withheld disposition ordinarily remain part of the criminal-history and court record unless lawfully sealed or expunged. A withhold is not equivalent to the charge disappearing, and some Florida and federal laws still treat it as a conviction for particular purposes.

Closure of an agency case through an authorized administrative process without necessarily changing the underlying court judgment.

A jurisdiction- or agency-specific form of supervision termination or case closure completed through authorized administrative procedures.

A lower-intensity probation status used in some jurisdictions for people who require little routine contact but remain subject to the court’s jurisdiction and applicable conditions. The term and requirements are jurisdiction-specific.

OACRA’s internal review of a submission, correction, listing request, sponsorship request, or publication action before information is changed or displayed.

A consequence imposed through authorized agency procedures rather than a new sentencing hearing. The available sanctions and required process depend on governing law and agency policy.

The institutional process through which a newly admitted person receives basic rules, services, schedules, safety information, classification instructions, and available-program information.

Instruction in foundational reading, writing, mathematics, digital, and related skills for adults who have not yet reached secondary-level proficiency.

Instruction designed to help adults attain secondary-level academic skills and prepare for a high-school equivalency credential or diploma.

A specimen containing a substance or condition inconsistent with normal human specimen characteristics under applicable testing criteria.

A sworn written allegation that a person violated one or more conditions of probation, community control, parole, or another supervision status. The title and procedure vary by jurisdiction.

A determination by a government agency or referral organization that a provider, service, document, placement, or program may be used for a particular purpose. It is distinct from OACRA listing status.

Permission from an employing or responsible agency to perform a function, carry equipment, access a system, or make specified decisions.

An OACRA pathway intended to help agencies and professional users locate organized resource and directory information.

The practical usefulness of listing information to courts, supervision agencies, release coordinators, case managers, and other referral professionals.

An OACRA description for a listing organized with clear fields, categories, location information, and contact routes that support machine interpretation.

Structured so an automated system can identify, interpret, and reference the information more reliably. It does not guarantee inclusion in any AI response.

Testing used to detect alcohol use, which may include breath, urine, blood, transdermal, or other authorized methods.

A substance use disorder involving a problematic pattern of alcohol use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress.

Conduct claimed to violate a supervision condition but not yet finally established through admission, waiver, or an authorized finding.

An educational or therapeutic service addressing anger awareness, emotional regulation, conflict, and related behavior. Court or agency acceptance should be confirmed before enrollment.

Periodic demonstration that an authorized armed officer continues to meet agency or state firearms standards.

A provider listing option maintained for a defined annual participation period, subject to OACRA’s review, renewal, correction, and removal practices.

A periodic check of services, contacts, locations, intake information, and other listing details.

A formal request for review of a decision by a higher or designated authority. Available procedures, deadlines, and standards depend on the governing law and decision.

The method used to apply for a service, benefit, job, program, or placement, such as an online form, phone call, referral, walk-in process, or scheduled appointment.

A structured employment-and-training model combining paid work experience, related instruction, and progressive skill development.

A proposed living location accepted by the responsible supervising or releasing authority when such approval is required. Directory appearance does not establish residence approval.

A court proceeding at which charges are formally presented and the accused is asked to enter a plea, subject to jurisdiction-specific procedure.

The taking of a person into custody under legal authority.

A judicial order authorizing law enforcement to arrest a named person when legal requirements are satisfied.

An interstate-compact notice reporting that a supervised individual has arrived in the receiving state.

A formal agreement describing how courses, credits, or credentials transfer between educational institutions or programs.

The American Society of Addiction Medicine. The term is commonly associated with multidimensional assessment and levels of addiction treatment care.

Training on ASAM assessment dimensions, placement criteria, levels of care, or implementation. Completion does not by itself confer clinical licensure.

A structured process used to gather information and identify needs, risks, diagnoses, service levels, or recommendations. The purpose and authority of an assessment depend on the setting.

Training, testing, or authorization required by an instrument owner, state, or agency before a professional may administer, score, or interpret a particular assessment.

A device, software, equipment, or system used to increase, maintain, or improve functional access for a person with a disability.

Records showing participation in appointments, classes, treatment, community service, or other required activities.

Training on safe use of an AED as part of emergency response.

A tool or service used to support effective communication, such as captioning, interpreters, assistive listening devices, accessible electronic documents, or readers.

Communication supports recognized under disability law, including qualified interpreters, captioning, readers, accessible electronic information, Braille, and assistive listening systems.

Whether a service, bed, appointment, class, job, funding source, or intake opportunity is currently open. Availability can change independently of eligibility.

A review of records or information used in employment, housing, licensing, volunteer, or other decisions. Applicable notice, consent, and decision rules vary.

A financial institution’s review of identity, prior account history, fraud indicators, or other information when considering an account application.

The practical ability to open and use safe, affordable transaction or savings accounts and related financial services.

An initial test used to establish a starting point for monitoring or treatment, subject to program authority and policy.

An OACRA listing option that presents core provider and service information without the expanded presentation associated with highlighted, priority, or sponsored options.

A structured intervention program addressing abusive behavior in intimate or family relationships. Requirements, curricula, certification, and acceptance vary by jurisdiction.

A broad term encompassing mental health, substance use, and related emotional or behavioral conditions and services.

Training on identifying needs, using approved referral pathways, protecting confidentiality, and responding to urgent behavioral-health concerns.

A term used in some jurisdictions for probation supervised primarily by the court rather than a traditional probation agency. The legal meaning is jurisdiction-specific.

A warrant issued by a judge, commonly after a failure to appear or failure to comply with a court directive.

An application or reinstatement process started before release for public benefits that may become available after release, subject to agency eligibility rules.

Prerelease coordination intended to prevent avoidable interruption of health coverage, food assistance, disability benefits, or other public supports.

The administrative restoration of payments or coverage on an existing benefit record after a suspension condition ends and continuing eligibility is established.

Laboratory analysis of a blood specimen for alcohol, drugs, medication, or other substances.

The administrative process of recording an arrest, identity information, fingerprints, photographs, charges, property, and custody status.

A tactile reading and writing system used by some people who are blind or have low vision.

A person qualified under an applicable testing program to conduct evidential breath-alcohol testing using an approved device.

Testing of a breath specimen to estimate alcohol concentration using an authorized device.

Short-term housing intended to provide immediate stability while a person moves toward permanent housing.

An informal expression for a legally authorized payment substitution, fine-to-service conversion, hour reduction, or similar alternative. It is not available unless permitted and approved by the responsible authority.

The preferred web address identified for a page so search engines can distinguish it from duplicate or alternate URLs.

The number of people, beds, appointments, placements, or cases a provider or program can serve at a given time.

Text representation of spoken dialogue and relevant audio information in video or live communication.

Education that develops academic, technical, and employability skills for specific occupations or career fields.

Communication Access Realtime Translation, a service producing real-time text of spoken communication.

The formal conclusion of active case handling by an agency, court, or program.

A structured meeting among institutional, supervision, treatment, medical, or community personnel to review needs, progress, release barriers, and transition responsibilities.

A coordinated process for assessing needs, planning services, connecting referrals, monitoring progress, and addressing barriers. OACRA does not provide case management.

A professional or designated worker who coordinates services or supports for an individual. Roles and authority differ across agencies and programs.

A structured plan identifying supervision goals, conditions, needs, services, responsibilities, and review points.

The group of individuals, investigations, or cases assigned to an officer, unit, court, or program.

OACRA’s assessment of whether a submitted provider or service belongs in a particular directory category.

A document stating that a class, program, treatment episode, or service requirement was completed. Whether it satisfies a court or agency requirement must be confirmed.

An official document describing release authority, date, status, and applicable conditions.

A credential awarded after defined education, examination, experience, or competency requirements. It should not be confused with a simple course-completion certificate.

An interpreter who has earned a credential from a recognized certifying authority. Certification and functional qualification are related but not identical.

A peer-support professional who has completed a recognized state, program, or credentialing process. Requirements vary.

The documented sequence of collection, handling, transfer, storage, testing, and disposition used to evaluate specimen or evidence integrity.

Training on documenting, sealing, transferring, storing, and accounting for specimens or evidence so integrity can be evaluated.

A change in job or employer that may have to be reported or approved under applicable supervision conditions.

A move or proposed move that may have to be reported or approved before it occurs under applicable supervision or release rules.

A formal allegation that a person committed a criminal offense. A charge is not itself a conviction.

A written notice directing a person to respond to an alleged violation or appear in court, sometimes used instead of custodial arrest.

Legal assistance for qualifying civil matters such as housing, benefits, family, consumer, or record-related issues. It generally does not provide criminal defense.

Required security training for personnel with access to criminal-justice information or systems covered by the CJIS Security Policy.

A request by an organization or authorized representative to establish control of or responsibility for updating an existing OACRA listing.

An institutional process used to assign custody level, housing, programs, work, security, and other correctional decisions.

An institutional professional responsible for classification, housing, custody, programming, or related case decisions under agency policy.

A general term for laws or systems that automate or streamline sealing or other relief for eligible criminal records. Eligibility and legal effect vary by jurisdiction.

Care delivered within a licensed or professionally regulated clinical framework, which may include assessment, diagnosis, treatment planning, therapy, medication, or other services.

A referral process in which the sending and receiving organizations exchange status information so the referring party can determine whether contact, intake, or service connection occurred.

The presence of both a mental health condition and a substance use disorder.

A disability affecting memory, attention, learning, reasoning, communication, executive function, or related cognitive processes.

A legal, regulatory, or practical consequence associated with an arrest, conviction, sentence, or criminal record that is separate from the sentence itself.

Communication between a supervising officer and another person or organization, such as an employer, treatment provider, family member, or service agency, for an authorized supervision purpose.

A postsecondary credential awarded after completion of a defined academic or career-focused program.

A disability affecting hearing, speech, vision, reading, writing, cognition, or another aspect of receiving or expressing information.

A scheduled post-release appointment with supervision, health care, treatment, benefits, housing, employment, or another community service.

Placement in a community-based correctional setting or authorized residential arrangement instead of secure institutional confinement. Meaning varies by system.

A form of intensive community supervision used in some jurisdictions, often involving more restrictive conditions than standard probation. The legal meaning is state-specific.

Supervision of people in the community rather than confinement in a secure correctional facility. Probation and parole are the two principal forms.

A structured residential setting associated with correctional transition or community supervision. Names, authority, populations, and rules vary.

A coordinated transfer of responsibility or service connection from institutional staff to a community agency, provider, or supervising authority.

An intake, screening, or enrollment process completed with a community provider before release to reduce delays after reentry.

The process of rebuilding stable participation in family, work, housing, health care, civic life, and community institutions after justice involvement.

The organized digital, informational, and referral pathways that make community services easier to locate and evaluate.

Unpaid work performed for a public, nonprofit, charitable, or other authorized organization, sometimes as a court-ordered obligation.

A site or arrangement where required or voluntary service hours may be completed, subject to site acceptance and any required court or agency authorization.

A broad term for correctional supervision in the community, including probation, parole, supervised release, and related statuses.

A nonprofit, charitable, faith-based, neighborhood, or other local organization delivering services or advocacy within a community.

A state official responsible for administration of the Interstate Compact within the state.

A state-appointed member of the Interstate Commission for Adult Offender Supervision.

The state unit responsible for processing and coordinating Interstate Compact matters.

Training and authorization associated with use of the COMPAS assessment or case-management system under applicable agency and vendor requirements.

Written evidence that a required service, class, treatment episode, payment, or program was completed.

Conduct consistent with applicable court orders, supervision conditions, program requirements, and lawful instructions.

A jurisdiction-specific credit earned through qualifying compliance that may affect supervision duration, intensity, or eligibility for discharge.

A hearing used to review whether a person has satisfied specified court requirements or conditions.

A formal or informal review of progress, documentation, conditions, barriers, and outstanding obligations.

A rule or requirement imposed by a court, releasing authority, statute, or supervising agency during probation, parole, supervised release, or another community status.

Release from custody subject to continuing requirements, supervision, or the possibility of return for violations.

A more specific analytical test used to confirm an initial nonnegative screening result.

Housing in which residents share common spaces or facilities within one building or campus.

The reliability and currency of a listing’s public phone, email, website, address, or other contact route.

An authorized departure from the contact level suggested by a classification or assessment because of documented circumstances.

An agency expectation describing the type or frequency of officer contacts associated with a supervision level.

Periodic education intended to maintain competence, satisfy professional requirements, or renew a credential.

A written arrangement describing how an institution and community organization will coordinate referrals, records, appointments, or services during transition.

The coordinated continuation of health or behavioral-health services across settings, providers, or transitions such as release from custody.

Planning to maintain access to prescribed medication through release, including supply, prescription transfer, pharmacy access, and follow-up care.

A local or regional planning and funding structure coordinating homelessness assistance under HUD programs.

A legal determination of guilt whose precise meaning may vary by statute and purpose. Some laws define conviction to include a guilty or no-contest plea even when adjudication is withheld.

The deliberate organization of health, behavioral-health, social, and community services across providers and settings.

A community process for assessing housing needs, prioritizing assistance, and connecting people to available homelessness-response resources.

Evidence-informed officer and program practices commonly associated with effective correctional intervention, including relationship skills, modeling, reinforcement, problem solving, and structured skill building.

Academic, vocational, literacy, or postsecondary education delivered in a correctional setting.

A jail, prison, detention center, or other institution used to confine people under criminal-justice authority.

Literacy instruction delivered in a jail, prison, detention, or community-corrections setting.

A state-specific credential or employment qualification authorizing specified correctional probation duties after required academy, examination, field training, or other standards.

An institutional or agency professional who organizes release planning, documentation, appointments, benefits, housing, transportation, and community connections.

A school-calculated estimate of education-related expenses used in federal student-aid administration.

A court’s determination that a provider, program, placement, document, or activity satisfies a requirement in a particular matter. OACRA does not confer court acceptance.

A court official or office responsible for records, filings, notices, fees, scheduling support, and other administrative functions.

Charges assessed in connection with a legal case. Types, amounts, collection procedures, and consequences vary by jurisdiction.

A directive issued by a court. The controlling text should be read together with current instructions from the responsible authority.

The filings, orders, docket entries, judgments, and other materials maintained in a court case.

A court-issued notice requiring a person to appear or respond at a specified time and place.

Treatment, assessment, education, counseling, or programming required by a court order or incorporated into a supervision condition.

A class, evaluation, treatment, community service site, reporting function, or other service that may be relevant to a legal or supervision requirement.

A credential documenting completion of approved cardiopulmonary-resuscitation training and skill requirements.

The Community Reinvestment Act, a federal law concerning how certain financial institutions help meet community credit needs, consistent with safe and sound operations.

A record assembled by a consumer reporting agency containing credit-account and related information used in financial and other authorized decisions.

The acceptance of academic credits earned at one institution or program by another institution.

A course for which an institution awards academic credit that may apply toward a credential.

Agency permission to access protected criminal-history systems after required training, vetting, and role assignment.

A record containing arrest, charge, disposition, sentence, and related criminal-justice information maintained by a court, law-enforcement agency, repository, or other authorized entity.

Drug or alcohol testing conducted under court, corrections, probation, parole, treatment-court, pretrial, or agency authority. Procedures vary by jurisdiction and policy.

The consideration of criminal-history information in a housing, employment, licensing, volunteer, or other decision.

A changeable factor empirically associated with criminal behavior or recidivism and therefore commonly targeted in correctional intervention.

Training designed to improve response to behavioral-health crises through de-escalation, recognition, communication, and coordination.

A service intended for urgent mental-health, substance-use, safety, or stabilization needs. An online directory is not an emergency service.

Short-term services intended to reduce acute behavioral-health symptoms, improve safety, and connect a person with ongoing care.

A test response caused by a substance other than the intended target, potentially affecting an initial screening result.

A condition requiring a person to remain at an approved location during specified hours, subject to authorized exceptions.

A form documenting specimen collection, identity, seals, transfers, laboratory processing, and related chain-of-custody information.

A classification reflecting security, supervision, movement, and housing requirements within a correctional system.

The movement from institutional custody into community living, services, supervision, employment, education, and family responsibilities.

The concentration used by a testing program to classify a result for screening or confirmation purposes.

The authorized exchange of information among agencies or providers, subject to law, consent, security, and purpose limitations.

A nonresidential community-corrections program requiring structured reporting and sometimes treatment, testing, classes, employment support, or other services.

A distinct OACRA web address presenting expanded information about a provider, program, listing, or participation option.

An attorney representing a person accused or convicted in a criminal matter.

Training and demonstrated proficiency in agency-authorized physical control, restraint, and defensive techniques.

A jurisdiction-specific disposition postponing entry of a judgment while a person completes conditions. Successful completion may affect the final disposition, but the arrest and case do not automatically disappear.

An agreement or program postponing prosecution while a person completes specified conditions, subject to jurisdiction-specific rules.

A sentence or entry of judgment postponed under jurisdiction-specific authority while the person completes stated conditions.

An interstate-compact notice documenting departure from the sending state under approved reporting instructions.

The process through which a person reduces, stops, or moves away from criminal behavior over time.

A request or notice asking a custodial authority to hold a person or notify another authority before release because of another case, warrant, supervision matter, or immigration proceeding.

The period during which a substance or metabolite may be detectable in a particular specimen type.

A facility used to hold people awaiting proceedings, transfer, immigration action, juvenile disposition, or another authorized custody decision.

Access to devices, connectivity, accounts, skills, and support needed to use online applications, appointments, reporting systems, and service information.

The ability to use digital devices, online systems, information, communication tools, and basic cybersecurity practices effectively.

Use of an online portal, application, upload system, email process, or other electronic method to submit required information or maintain contact.

A specimen with concentration characteristics indicating greater dilution than expected under applicable criteria.

A specimen collection in which an authorized observer directly watches the specimen enter the collection container under specified procedures.

An organized collection of service information grouped by geography, category, or another navigation structure.

The geographic and service-category scope represented within an OACRA directory or sponsorship arrangement.

The publication of an organization or service within an appropriate OACRA directory after administrative review.

A paid arrangement supporting the maintenance, visibility, or coverage of an OACRA directory. It does not create governmental endorsement, guaranteed referrals, or sponsor control of editorial content.

A physical or mental impairment that may substantially limit one or more major life activities under applicable law. Definitions vary by program and statute.

Training on disability nondiscrimination, communication access, reasonable modification, and practical barriers in supervision or services.

A supervision approach that considers disability access, communication needs, reasonable modifications, trauma, brain injury, aging, and related barriers.

A meeting held before release or discharge to review the transition plan, responsibilities, medications, appointments, documentation, and unresolved needs.

Formal release from a jail, prison, detention facility, or other custodial status.

Planning conducted before discharge to coordinate housing, medication, treatment, benefits, identification, transportation, supervision, and other immediate needs.

A clinical or program document summarizing services, progress, status, recommendations, and circumstances at discharge.

Release to parole based on a decision by a parole board or other authorized decision-maker rather than solely by operation of law.

An interstate transfer request that may be accepted even though mandatory-transfer criteria are not met.

A dismissal that generally prevents the same charge from being refiled in the same manner, subject to governing law.

A dismissal that may permit refiling when legally authorized.

The outcome or current status of a charge or case, such as conviction, withheld adjudication, acquittal, dismissal, diversion, or another authorized result.

A process that may route an eligible case away from traditional prosecution or adjudication toward conditions, treatment, services, or monitoring. Programs vary widely.

The official court record or schedule listing filings, events, hearings, orders, and case activity.

Records a provider, agency, employer, landlord, benefit program, or court may request before intake, enrollment, placement, or a decision.

Programming intended to address abusive behavior, victim safety, accountability, or related court requirements. Program standards and approval vary.

Specialized training on domestic-violence dynamics, victim safety, accountability, conditions, risk, and referral practices.

A problem-solving court model combining judicial oversight with substance-use treatment, monitoring, incentives, sanctions, and services for an eligible population.

Testing for controlled or prohibited substances using authorized specimens and procedures.

Training for officers assigned to a drug-court or treatment-court team, covering team roles, incentives, sanctions, treatment coordination, and confidentiality.

Education, evaluation, treatment, monitoring, or other programming connected to driving under the influence laws or case requirements.

Formal termination of supervision before the scheduled end date by an authorized court or agency.

Termination of supervision before the originally scheduled end date by an authorized court or agency. Eligibility and procedure vary.

A statutory or agency-authorized credit for sustained compliance that may reduce a supervision term or support early discharge. Rules vary by jurisdiction.

Termination of supervision based on satisfaction of jurisdiction-specific compliance, time, payment, treatment, or other criteria.

Early termination made available through qualifying performance or credits under applicable law or agency policy.

A reduction, credit, or release-related benefit earned through eligible conduct, programming, work, or other criteria under governing law.

A credit authorized by law that may affect placement, prerelease custody, or sentence calculation when statutory requirements are met.

OACRA’s retention of control over selection, wording, organization, correction, and publication despite listing payments or sponsorship.

A jurisdiction-specific sentence or custody credit associated with qualifying educational participation or achievement. It is not the same as academic credit.

A benefit, recognition, privilege, or credit offered for qualifying educational participation or achievement.

Communication that is as effective for a person with a disability as it is for others, using appropriate auxiliary aids or services when required.

Use of electronic technology to monitor location, presence, curfew, alcohol use, or another authorized condition.

A referral transmitted through an electronic system, secure portal, email process, or shared platform to a community provider or agency.

Training on installation, alerts, response protocols, documentation, limitations, and privacy considerations for monitoring technology.

Whether a person or organization satisfies stated criteria for a service, benefit, program, listing, job, placement, or legal process. Eligibility does not guarantee availability or acceptance.

A service for which access depends on defined criteria such as location, income, age, legal status, diagnosis, referral, insurance, or program rules.

A short-term housing placement intended to prevent homelessness immediately after release while longer-term housing is arranged.

A service intended to respond to immediate threats to health or safety. OACRA is not an emergency service.

Temporary shelter intended to meet immediate housing and safety needs.

Training on safe and lawful operation of an agency vehicle during routine or emergency duties.

A service that connects a job seeker with a specific employer or position. It differs from general job readiness or training.

A structured set of employment goals, documents, training, applications, transportation, and support steps.

Confirmation of employment status, schedule, location, wages, or related information for an authorized purpose.

A person’s meaningful participation and continuing connection with supervision, treatment, services, education, or support.

English-language instruction for learners whose primary language is not English.

An OACRA listing option offering additional presentation, visibility, fields, or features beyond a basic listing.

A document confirming that a person has entered or registered for a program, class, treatment service, benefit, or other activity.

A professional or administrative process used to reach findings, recommendations, eligibility decisions, or service determinations.

A practice supported by a body of research and integrated with professional expertise and the characteristics, needs, and preferences of the population served.

A program meeting federal or other applicable criteria for reducing recidivism risk. In the federal system, eligible participation may relate to First Step Act time credits.

Training on collection, packaging, documentation, storage, transfer, and preservation of evidence.

A practice guided by the best available research while also considering professional judgment, implementation context, and population needs.

Factual or educational material proposed by a qualified professional or organization for independent OACRA editorial review.

A form of criminal-record relief whose availability and legal effect depend on the jurisdiction. The term should not be assumed to mean complete physical destruction of every record.

Whether a record satisfies statutory and procedural requirements for a person to seek expungement. Eligibility does not guarantee a court order.

Sealing generally restricts access to a record, while expungement may provide a different or broader form of relief. Neither term has one uniform national effect, and expungement does not always mean every copy is physically destroyed.

Failure to attend a required court proceeding, which may lead to a warrant, bond consequence, or other action.

Nonpayment of a required financial obligation. Legal consequences may depend on ability to pay, notice, willfulness, and governing law.

Failure to make required contact with a supervising officer, agency, program, or reporting system.

Employment practices intended to reduce unnecessary criminal-record barriers and evaluate candidates fairly under applicable law.

Housing policies or practices intended to avoid unnecessary criminal-record exclusions and support individualized, consistent consideration under applicable law.

An organization connected to a religious community or faith tradition that may provide charitable, social, housing, treatment, mentoring, or reentry support.

A test result that does not detect a substance or condition that is actually present.

A test result indicating a substance or condition that is not actually present.

A release or reentry housing arrangement in which a person plans to live with relatives or another approved household.

The process of restoring or strengthening family relationships after separation, subject to safety, court orders, consent, and individual circumstances.

Federal grants, loans, and work-study assistance administered under federal higher-education law and program requirements.

An officer’s contact with a supervised person outside the probation or parole office, such as at a residence, workplace, program, or community location.

A parole officer assigned to supervise people in community settings.

A hearing at which an authorized decision-maker determines whether a parole violation occurred and what consequence should follow.

Money, benefits, subsidies, relief, or other support intended to help meet basic needs or stabilize a household.

Court- or supervision-related monetary obligations such as fines, fees, restitution, court costs, or program charges.

An OACRA directory category for benefits, emergency aid, food, housing stability, utilities, identification, financial coaching, and related supports.

A monetary penalty imposed as part of a legal judgment or administrative process.

Demonstrated proficiency under state or agency standards required before an authorized officer may carry or use a firearm in official duties.

A credential documenting completion of approved first-aid training and skill requirements.

A 2018 federal statute addressing federal sentencing, corrections, earned-time mechanisms, programming, and reentry-related matters.

A federal credit earned by eligible people in Bureau of Prisons custody through successful participation in assigned evidence-based recidivism-reduction programs or productive activities. It is distinct from good-conduct time and academic credit.

Planning focused on the first month after release, including supervision, identification, health care, medication, benefits, housing, employment, transportation, and appointments.

Immediate release planning for the first several days in the community, when housing, medication, transportation, food, identification, and reporting needs may be urgent.

Public or charitable support used to obtain food, including benefit programs, food banks, pantries, and meal services.

Testing ordered because of specified conduct, information, or circumstances under applicable policy.

A person who previously experienced confinement in a jail, prison, or other correctional setting.

A legal or administrative status associated with a person who is sought by authorities, including in some cases after absconding or an outstanding warrant.

A change that would fundamentally alter the nature of a service, program, or activity and may limit a requested modification under applicable disability law.

A temporary authorized release from custody for a defined purpose and period, subject to specified conditions.

A term used in some jurisdictions for credit that may reduce the time served or affect a release date based on statutory rules.

Release directly from an institution into the community rather than through a transitional residential placement.

A high-school equivalency examination accepted in participating jurisdictions. GED is one testing option and should not be used as the generic name for every equivalency credential.

The states, counties, cities, regions, or other areas in which a provider reports serving people or in which a directory organizes information.

The practical service area of a provider, which may differ from its physical address.

A federal or jurisdiction-specific sentence credit associated with eligible institutional conduct. It is distinct from First Step Act time credits and academic credit.

Credit or a sentence-related benefit associated with eligible conduct or institutional compliance, as defined by governing law.

A discharge status indicating that supervision ended without unresolved violations and according to the authority’s completion criteria.

An authorization, certification, license, contract, recognition, or acceptance issued by a government entity. OACRA listing status is not government approval.

A structured use of incentives, interventions, and sanctions proportionate to conduct, risk, needs, and governing authority.

A structured agency framework matching incentives, interventions, and sanctions to conduct, risk, needs, and legal authority.

A sanction selected from an authorized range of increasingly serious responses to noncompliance.

A jurisdiction- or agency-specific decision grid organizing authorized responses to supervision violations by seriousness, risk, history, and circumstances.

A decision by an authorized parole body approving conditional release, subject to the stated release date, plan, and conditions.

A promised or assured referral. OACRA listings and sponsorships do not guarantee referrals.

A formal admission of guilt entered in court and accepted under applicable procedure.

Laboratory analysis of a hair specimen to identify evidence of specified drug exposure over a longer retrospective period.

A commonly used but nonuniform term for a structured transitional residence associated with corrections, treatment, recovery, or community reentry.

Policies, services, or practices intended to reduce specified health and safety harms associated with substance use, including overdose and infection. Activities and legal status vary by jurisdiction and program.

Insurance or public-program protection that helps pay for covered health services, subject to eligibility, enrollment, networks, and benefit rules.

The authorized transfer of relevant medical or behavioral-health information to support post-release care, subject to applicable privacy and consent requirements.

A laboratory certified under federal mandatory guidelines to test authorized specimens for federal workplace drug-testing programs.

A supervision level generally involving more frequent contact, monitoring, or intervention because of an assessed risk classification. Criteria vary.

A state-recognized credential or status demonstrating secondary-level academic attainment through an approved examination or process.

An OACRA listing option with greater visual or informational prominence than a basic listing, subject to editorial and category rules.

The federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act and related rules governing specified health information and covered entities. HIPAA does not apply to every organization or every record.

A private credential or course certificate marketed as HIPAA certification. HHS does not recognize a universal private certification as proof of HIPAA compliance.

Workforce instruction concerning applicable privacy, security, breach, and information-handling responsibilities.

Documentation that a person completed HIPAA-related training. It does not establish that the person or organization is fully compliant or certified by HHS.

A high-school equivalency examination used in participating states and jurisdictions.

A custodial or supervision arrangement requiring a person to remain at an approved residence except for authorized activities, often with monitoring.

An authorized supervision contact at a person’s residence.

An approach that prioritizes access to permanent housing without requiring treatment completion, sobriety, or other predetermined behavioral milestones as a general precondition, while offering supportive services.

An agency review of a proposed residence, household, location, restrictions, and suitability before approving a release or supervision plan.

A descriptive classification indicating the structure, services, supervision, clinical intensity, or recovery support associated with a residence. Systems differ and should not be treated as interchangeable.

Assistance locating housing, preparing applications, resolving documentation barriers, communicating with landlords, and coordinating move-in.

A documented strategy for where a person will live, how the placement will be funded, applicable restrictions, household information, and backup options.

The practical preparation of documents, income information, references, screening responses, and support arrangements used when seeking housing.

Services and strategies intended to help a household maintain housing after placement.

The ability to maintain safe and reasonably consistent housing without recurring displacement or crisis.

A public subsidy that helps an eligible household pay rent in qualifying housing, subject to program rules.

Training on indicators, victim-centered response, reporting duties, safety, and referral pathways related to human trafficking.

The Interstate Compact for Adult Offender Supervision and the Interstate Commission that administers binding compact rules governing eligible interstate supervision matters.

The rules adopted under the Interstate Compact for Adult Offender Supervision that govern transfers, reporting instructions, supervision, retaking, and related responsibilities.

Training on Interstate Compact rules and procedures. Completion may be required by a state compact office or agency but does not by itself appoint a person as a compact official.

Documentation showing completion of a designated ICAOS course or module. It is evidence of training, not a universal national professional certification.

The Interstate Compact Offender Tracking System used by authorized compact personnel to process and document interstate supervision matters.

Required preparation covering ICOTS functions, applicable compact rules, workflow, privacy, and role responsibilities before access is granted.

The agreement by which an ICOTS user acknowledges system privacy, security, and data-use obligations.

A record showing completion of designated ICOTS or ICAOS training modules. System access remains controlled by the state administrator.

State-administered permission to use ICOTS in an assigned role after required training, identity verification, and agency approval.

Government or institutional identification documents provided, restored, or coordinated before or at release to support benefits, employment, banking, housing, and supervision.

A government-issued or otherwise recognized record used to establish identity, age, residence, work authorization, or another required fact.

A collection of available identity records and application documents assembled for use after release.

A review of urgent post-release needs such as shelter, food, medication, transportation, identification, safety, and required reporting.

Community-based or agency services delivered inside a correctional institution before release to build continuity into the community.

A supervision status involving reduced or no routine reporting while legal jurisdiction or remaining obligations may continue.

A jurisdiction-specific credit or benefit awarded for qualifying achievement, participation, or compliance.

A structured framework for selecting proportionate positive incentives and corrective responses during supervision.

An OACRA educational concept describing the use of visible progress, milestones, recognition, and positive reinforcement to support follow-through without replacing court or agency authority.

A formal criminal charging document returned by a grand jury.

A person-specific transition plan addressing housing, supervision, identification, health, treatment, benefits, employment, education, transportation, and family needs.

A decision process that considers relevant circumstances rather than relying only on a blanket rule. Legal requirements vary by context and jurisdiction.

A structured plan organizing goals, requirements, risks, needs, referrals, and supervision activities for an individual.

A credential recognized by employers or an industry body as evidence of specified occupational knowledge or skills.

A lower-intensity or court-supervised form of probation used in some jurisdictions. Meaning and requirements are jurisdiction-specific.

A formal charging document filed by a prosecutor without a grand-jury indictment, where authorized.

The date or period when a provider, source, or administrator most recently checked or affirmed listing information.

The first required contact with a supervising office or officer after sentencing, release, transfer, or placement on supervision.

A rapid point-of-care screening test that produces a preliminary result without full laboratory analysis.

A correctional professional who coordinates classification, program planning, records, release preparation, referrals, and other institutional case functions.

A person’s behavior, disciplinary history, program participation, and adjustment while confined, sometimes considered in release decisions.

A professional who coordinates educational assessment, enrollment, records, credentials, and transition to community education or training.

An arrangement allowing an approved community organization or agency to provide prerelease information, screening, enrollment, or service coordination inside a facility.

Participation by an agency, financial institution, health system, employer, foundation, provider network, or other organization in OACRA’s resource infrastructure.

A professional responsible for maintaining or processing institutional records relevant to custody status, sentence information, identification, transfer, and release.

A professional focused on prerelease planning, community referrals, documentation, benefits, housing, employment, and continuity of care.

A multidisciplinary group responsible for coordinating release preparation and institutional-to-community transition.

Clinical or program staff providing treatment, assessment, counseling, or recovery services within a correctional institution.

The initial process through which a provider collects information, screens needs, explains requirements, and decides whether or how services may begin.

The practical path for starting services, such as self-referral, agency referral, phone screening, online form, walk-in, or scheduled assessment.

A provider’s current condition for accepting inquiries or new participants, such as open, limited, waitlisted, referral-only, or temporarily closed.

A structured outpatient treatment level involving more frequent or intensive services than standard outpatient care while the person generally continues living in the community.

A probation level involving enhanced contact, monitoring, restrictions, or programming compared with standard probation.

The oral or signed rendering of communication from one language into another.

A formal agreement among jurisdictions governing specified transfers, supervision, information exchange, and responsibilities across state lines.

Parole supervision administered across state lines under the Interstate Compact or another lawful transfer mechanism.

The authorized movement of supervision responsibility or approved residence from one jurisdiction to another under applicable compact, court, or agency procedures.

A specimen for which the laboratory cannot obtain a valid test result under applicable criteria.

A local or regional facility commonly used for pretrial detention and shorter sentences, though functions vary by jurisdiction.

A court’s formal decision resolving specified issues or recording the disposition and sentence.

The legal authority of a court, agency, or government to act over a person, place, subject, or case.

Technology designed to support justice-system information, navigation, administration, service access, compliance organization, or related functions.

A broad descriptive term for people affected by arrest, prosecution, incarceration, supervision, diversion, or another criminal-justice process.

Recognition that a laboratory meets specified quality and competency standards. It is distinct from HHS certification for federal workplace drug testing.

Testing performed by a laboratory using validated screening, confirmation, and quality-control procedures.

Policies and practices intended to provide meaningful communication access for people who use languages other than English or have limited English proficiency.

Training on interpreter use, translated information, communication planning, confidentiality, and applicable language-access responsibilities.

Printed material using enlarged text and layout adjustments to improve access for people with low vision.

Advice applying law to a person’s specific rights, obligations, strategy, or legal position. OACRA provides educational and organizational information, not legal advice.

Legal information, advice, or representation delivered by an authorized legal-services provider, often subject to subject-matter and financial eligibility.

Eligibility established by law or regulation. It does not necessarily mean a service is funded, locally available, accepting referrals, or operationally accessible.

Training and qualification required before an officer may carry or use an agency-authorized less-lethal weapon.

The intensity and structure of treatment judged appropriate for a person’s assessed needs.

Government authorization to practice a regulated profession or perform a legally restricted activity.

A statutory, regulatory, or board-imposed limitation affecting eligibility for an occupational or professional credential.

A description of a person who has limited ability to read, write, speak, or understand English. Applicable language-access duties depend on law, funding, agency rules, and context.

The degree to which a listing correctly reflects current services, contacts, locations, eligibility, intake, and other relevant facts.

A request or administrative action to fix inaccurate, incomplete, outdated, or misleading listing information.

A defined OACRA participation format, such as basic, highlighted, priority, dedicated-page, or sponsored presentation.

Measures used to assess listing visibility, inquiries, referral pathways, information quality, dedicated-page value, or renewal decisions.

The clarity, accuracy, completeness, structure, and practical usefulness of provider information.

A request or process to continue an annual listing while reviewing current information and participation options.

A change to contact details, services, locations, referral instructions, intake status, display preferences, or other listing fields.

Instruction intended to improve reading, writing, numeracy, or functional communication skills.

The availability of relevant services within a specific county, city, judicial circuit, metro area, or rural region.

A jail operated by a county, city, regional authority, sheriff, or local corrections agency.

A local collaborative body that coordinates reentry planning, services, policy, data, and community participation.

A shelter designed to reduce entry requirements while maintaining health, safety, and operational rules.

Treatment designed to reduce unnecessary administrative, abstinence, documentation, scheduling, or referral barriers while maintaining applicable clinical and legal requirements.

A supervision level generally associated with less intensive contact based on an authorized assessment or classification process.

Training required or recommended for authorized administration and interpretation of the Level of Service/Case Management Inventory.

Training required or recommended for authorized use of the Level of Service Inventory–Revised.

Organized with consistent text, labels, fields, links, and structure so software can parse the information more reliably.

Release occurring under statutory or sentence-based rules rather than a discretionary parole-board decision.

A community-supervision period required by statute or sentence structure rather than granted through discretionary parole.

An interstate transfer that must be accepted when all applicable compact-rule criteria are satisfied.

Health coverage obtained through a federal or state health-insurance marketplace, subject to enrollment and eligibility rules.

The latest calculated date a person may be held under a sentence, subject to lawful recalculation, detainers, or other authority.

A high-security custody classification involving substantial restrictions, staffing, and physical controls.

The scheduled final date of a supervision term before any lawful extension, tolling, early termination, or modification.

Practical access that allows a person to understand and participate in a program, service, or proceeding, considering communication needs and governing requirements.

A joint federal-state health-coverage program administered by states within federal requirements. Eligibility and covered services vary by state and category.

A time-limited Medicaid demonstration approved under federal authority to test policy approaches that further program objectives.

A licensed physician meeting applicable training and credential requirements to review and verify specified drug-test results and evaluate legitimate medical explanations.

A supply of prescribed medication, prescription, or medication-access arrangement provided or coordinated when a person leaves custody.

A short-term medication supply or prescribing arrangement intended to prevent a treatment interruption while community care is established.

Use of FDA-approved medication as part of treatment for opioid use disorder, often combined with counseling and recovery supports.

The process of reviewing current medications, dosages, changes, and follow-up needs during transfer or release.

A commonly used term for treatment combining medication with counseling or behavioral therapies for substance use disorders. Federal agencies increasingly use substance-specific language such as MOUD.

An intermediate institutional security classification between minimum and maximum security, as defined by the correctional system.

A written agreement describing responsibilities, referral processes, data sharing, access, or coordination between institutions and community partners.

A training program teaching participants to recognize and respond to signs of mental-health or substance-use challenges and connect people to appropriate help.

Specialized officer training on mental-health conditions, communication, crisis response, treatment coordination, and supervision planning.

Professional services addressing emotional, psychological, behavioral, or psychiatric concerns.

A problem-solving court model coordinating judicial oversight with mental-health treatment and related supports for an eligible population.

A specialized probation caseload or court-linked model designed for people with identified mental-health needs. Eligibility and structure vary.

A focused credential documenting achievement of a limited set of skills or competencies.

A lower institutional security classification generally involving fewer physical restrictions and greater movement or programming opportunities.

A behavioral-health crisis service delivered in the community by a mobile team rather than only at a fixed facility.

Designed primarily to function clearly and efficiently on smartphones and smaller screens before being adapted to larger displays.

A device such as a wheelchair, walker, cane, crutch, or scooter used to support mobility.

An authorized change to an order, sentence, condition, schedule, or supervision requirement.

A court-authorized change to the terms, duration, conditions, or intensity of probation.

Observation, tracking, testing, checking, or review used by an authorized agency or program. OACRA does not monitor users.

A formal request asking a court to issue an order or ruling.

Training in a collaborative communication method intended to strengthen motivation and commitment to change.

A group of correctional, medical, behavioral-health, supervision, benefits, housing, or community professionals coordinating release preparation.

An opioid-overdose reversal medication available in approved formulations.

Training on recognizing a suspected opioid overdose, administering naloxone, activating emergency response, and following agency procedures.

A brand name for a naloxone nasal-spray product. Naloxone is the generic medication term.

Recovery-residence categories associated with the National Alliance for Recovery Residences framework, reflecting differences in structure, staffing, and support.

A state- or agency-administered qualification for authorized access to the National Crime Information Center and related criminal-justice systems.

A negative test result accompanied by specimen-validity findings indicating dilution under applicable criteria.

An alleged or established violation based on conduct constituting a new criminal offense while under supervision.

A court or supervision restriction limiting direct, indirect, physical, electronic, or third-party contact with a specified person or group.

A plea of nolo contendere in which a defendant does not contest the charge. Its consequences and treatment vary by jurisdiction and legal purpose.

A prosecutor’s formal decision not to continue prosecuting a charge at that time. Its effect on refiling and record relief depends on the jurisdiction.

Editorial wording that provides general education, identifies variables, and directs readers to responsible authorities without applying law or policy to an individual case.

A platform that does not exercise probation, parole, correctional, court, monitoring, reporting, or case-management authority over users.

A course that does not award academic credit toward a degree or other credit-bearing credential.

An initial result that is not negative and may require confirmation, review, or additional action before being reported as positive.

A collection performed with an observer present or under heightened observation procedures as authorized by policy.

A government-issued credential required to work in a regulated occupation or profession.

A required or scheduled meeting at a probation, parole, pretrial, or supervision office.

Training and proficiency requirements for authorized carrying and use of OC spray.

Training delivered while a participant performs job duties under supervision and instruction.

A digital platform used to submit reports, upload documents, confirm activity, schedule appointments, or communicate with an agency.

Public availability without a required user account or payment for ordinary directory and educational access.

A federally regulated program authorized to provide specified medications and services for opioid use disorder.

A substance use disorder involving opioids and meeting applicable diagnostic criteria.

Training and demonstrated proficiency required to collect oral-fluid specimens under a specified testing program.

Testing of saliva or oral fluid for specified drugs or metabolites.

Training required or recommended for authorized use of the Ohio Risk Assessment System or an adopted implementation.

A classification such as nonprofit, government agency, business, treatment provider, employer, housing provider, or community organization.

Treatment delivered without overnight residence, with intensity ranging from standard appointments to structured intensive programs.

Strategies intended to reduce overdose risk, improve recognition, expand medication access, and connect people to emergency and ongoing care.

Training on overdose recognition, emergency activation, naloxone use, rescue breathing where appropriate, and post-event procedures.

A documented decision to depart from an assessment, classification, or standard recommendation under authorized criteria.

Conditional release from prison to serve part of a sentence or release term under supervision in the community.

A person on parole alleged or determined to have stopped reporting or left supervision without authorization and whose location is unknown.

A body authorized in certain jurisdictions to make specified release, condition, revocation, or related decisions.

A document stating the authority, terms, conditions, and effective details of a parole release.

General and special requirements governing conduct while a person is on parole.

The process through which an authorized body evaluates whether a person should be granted parole.

A decision not to grant parole at the current consideration point.

Formal termination of parole supervision and jurisdiction by the authorized authority.

A geographic or administrative unit responsible for parole supervision.

The point or circumstances under which a person may be considered for parole. Eligibility does not guarantee release.

The scheduled end of parole jurisdiction or supervision, subject to lawful interruption, revocation, or extension.

A structured decision aid used by some parole authorities to assess release suitability, risk, or timing. Guidelines do not necessarily control the final decision.

A proceeding or review at which a parole authority considers release, conditions, violation, revocation, or another parole matter.

An instruction or authority preventing release because of an alleged parole violation or pending parole action.

An interview conducted for parole consideration, release planning, or supervision purposes.

An authorized change to parole conditions or supervision requirements.

An authorized official responsible for supervising people released on parole and performing related investigation, reporting, and enforcement duties.

A decision delaying parole consideration or release to a later date or condition.

A later review of a prior parole decision under applicable rules.

The date on which an approved parole release is scheduled or becomes effective, subject to required conditions and verification.

Required contact with a parole officer or agency through office, field, telephone, digital, or other approved methods.

Withdrawal of a previously granted parole decision before release, where authorized.

The residence where a person on parole lives or proposes to live, subject to applicable reporting and approval requirements.

An authorized decision terminating parole because of a violation and potentially returning the person to custody.

Transfer of parole supervision between districts, states, or supervising offices under applicable procedures.

Parole is conditional release administered under a parole system, typically after part of a prison sentence. Federal supervised release is a court-imposed supervision term that follows imprisonment and is not traditional parole.

Conduct alleged or found to violate a condition of parole.

A warrant or authorized order issued in connection with an alleged parole violation.

A residence accepted by the responsible parole authority for a particular release or supervision plan.

A state credential authorizing specified law-enforcement powers after statutory training and examination. Not all probation officers are peace officers.

A trained peer professional using lived experience to provide recovery support within applicable role and credential boundaries.

Nonclinical or complementary support grounded in shared lived experience and commonly focused on hope, self-direction, connection, and recovery.

A federal need-based grant for eligible undergraduate students, including otherwise eligible confined or incarcerated students enrolled in an eligible Prison Education Program.

Long-term housing combined with supportive services for people with significant or ongoing needs.

A person whose criminal-history information may include an arrest, charge, disposition, conviction, sentence, or related record.

A determination that a person may enter or reside in a particular program, facility, home, job, or service setting. OACRA does not make placement decisions.

Communication designed so the intended audience can find, understand, and use the information efficiently.

A defendant’s formal response to a criminal charge, such as guilty, not guilty, or nolo contendere.

A screening test performed near the place of collection rather than in a full laboratory setting.

A result meeting the applicable program’s criteria for a detected drug, metabolite, or alcohol concentration after required confirmation or review.

Certification through a state Peace Officer Standards and Training body or equivalent. Scope and applicability vary by state and role.

Medication provided to cover a defined period after release until a community prescriber or pharmacy assumes care.

Benefits, care, supervision, employment, housing, transportation, and other supports delivered after release from custody.

A program designed to prepare participants for entry into a registered or other recognized apprenticeship.

Training on the Prison Rape Elimination Act standards, prevention, reporting, response, retaliation protection, and professional responsibilities.

A hearing used in specified contexts to determine whether sufficient cause exists to continue a prosecution, detention, or violation proceeding.

An initial hearing used to determine whether probable cause exists to believe a parole violation occurred, when required.

A review conducted before release to identify possible eligibility for health coverage, food assistance, disability benefits, veterans benefits, or other supports.

Custody or placement during the period approaching release, which may include residential, community, home-confinement, or institutional arrangements.

Instruction before release concerning supervision, identification, housing, health, benefits, employment, transportation, legal obligations, and community resources.

Coordination before release to prepare identification, benefits, health care, medication, housing, employment, supervision, transportation, and service connections.

Services delivered before release to prepare identification, benefits, health care, housing, employment, transportation, supervision, and community connections.

A remote intake or screening conducted by a community provider while the participant remains in custody.

A projected parole date established under a jurisdiction’s decision framework but subject to later review, conduct, eligibility, and legal requirements.

An initial screening test that suggests the possible presence of a substance but may require confirmation.

A program allowing an eligible case to be addressed through conditions, services, treatment, restitution, or monitoring before traditional adjudication.

A jurisdiction-specific pretrial diversion program that may permit eligible participants to complete conditions in exchange for dismissal or another authorized outcome.

Community monitoring or support imposed before final disposition of a criminal case. Conditions and authority vary by jurisdiction.

An OACRA listing option offering expanded or more prominent presentation, subject to review and editorial safeguards.

An expedited or specially sequenced administrative review option. It does not guarantee approval, publication, ranking, or acceptance.

A state or federal correctional institution generally used to confine people serving longer sentences.

An eligible postsecondary education program offered to confined or incarcerated students under federal higher-education requirements.

A signed authorization permitting specified information to be disclosed to identified persons or organizations for stated purposes.

A hearing to determine whether there is sufficient cause to continue holding or proceeding against a person for an alleged violation.

A court-ordered period of supervision in the community, generally used instead of or in combination with incarceration.

An authorized official who supervises, investigates, reports, or performs other duties under the applicable court or agency system.

A court decision terminating probation because of a violation and imposing an authorized consequence.

Conduct alleged or found to violate a condition of probation.

A warrant issued in connection with an alleged probation violation or failure to comply.

An informational description suggesting that a service may be relevant to people on probation. It is not a court, agency, or case-specific approval label.

Foundational academy or agency training covering law, policy, supervision, safety, report writing, ethics, communication, and field duties.

The period during which a person remains subject to probation conditions and court jurisdiction.

An umbrella term for specialized courts using judicial oversight, treatment, services, testing, incentives, and sanctions to address identified needs.

A qualifying activity that develops work, education, treatment, or life skills. In the federal system, eligible productive activities may support First Step Act time-credit earning.

A provider’s or authority’s decision that a person, curriculum, service, or document can be used for a specified program or requirement.

Whether a program currently has open enrollment, appointments, funding, staff, beds, or geographic capacity.

Completion of stated program requirements. It does not necessarily establish successful supervision discharge or satisfaction of every court obligation.

The way services are delivered, such as in-person, virtual, hybrid, residential, outpatient, mobile, or referral-based.

A clinical or service record documenting observations, participation, interventions, response, and progress during care.

A formal compact communication describing supervision status, compliance, conduct, and other required information.

A review of goals, conditions, participation, documentation, barriers, achievements, and needed adjustments.

An estimated release date based on current sentence calculations, credits, and known information. It may change.

A government attorney responsible for prosecuting criminal cases on behalf of the state or United States.

A characteristic, relationship, resource, or condition associated with reduced risk or improved stability and resilience.

An organization, business, agency, program, employer, housing operator, or other entity offering a service or opportunity represented in OACRA’s directory system.

A provider’s determination that it can serve a person under its criteria, capacity, funding, safety, and program rules.

The collection of organizations that submit, maintain, claim, or participate in OACRA provider listings and service pathways.

Submission of organization and service information for OACRA review and possible directory placement.

Information supplied directly by a provider or authorized representative rather than independently created by OACRA.

Government-administered programs providing health coverage, food assistance, income support, housing support, or other assistance to eligible people.

A government-funded attorney or office appointed to represent eligible defendants who cannot afford private criminal defense counsel.

A provider’s stated preference about which submitted contact or service information may appear publicly, subject to OACRA’s review and platform rules.

Technology designed to improve access, public understanding, institutional function, or community outcomes while considering equity, accountability, and public trust.

Demonstrated satisfaction of requirements to perform a particular function, which may include training, testing, proficiency, experience, or agency approval.

An interpreter able to interpret effectively, accurately, and impartially using necessary specialized vocabulary for the context.

A person who can read effectively, accurately, and impartially for an individual who needs reading assistance.

An interpreter able to interpret effectively, accurately, and impartially in the required sign language and context.

A spoken-language interpreter who can interpret effectively, accurately, and impartially using necessary specialized vocabulary.

A selection process designed to choose testing dates or participants without predictable advance notice.

Testing scheduled or selected without advance notice according to an authorized random process.

Short- to medium-term assistance intended to help people exit homelessness quickly into permanent housing.

A new arrest after a prior justice-system event. Rearrest does not itself establish guilt and is one possible recidivism measure.

A modification or adjustment used in employment or another applicable context to provide equal opportunity to a qualified person with a disability.

Testing based on specific, articulable observations or information meeting the applicable policy standard.

The state that receives and supervises an eligible person under the Interstate Compact.

A return to specified criminal-justice involvement after a defined starting event. Measures may include rearrest, reconviction, reincarceration, or revocation and must be interpreted using the stated definition and follow-up period.

A new conviction after a prior justice-system event and one possible measure of recidivism.

The authorized movement of institutional, medical, educational, treatment, or program records to a community provider, agency, or supervising authority.

Training on preserving, classifying, retaining, releasing, and disposing of records under applicable schedules and law.

The personal, social, community, and material resources that support recovery and stability.

A peer or nonclinical support role focused on recovery goals, connection, accountability, and resource navigation.

An alcohol- and drug-free living environment intended to support recovery. Services, staffing, certification, and supervision vary.

Recognition by a state, affiliate, or certifying body that a recovery residence meets specified standards. Certification requirements and legal effect vary.

Nonacute services and relationships that help people initiate, sustain, or strengthen recovery and community stability.

A coordinated network of person-centered, community-based services supporting multiple pathways and stages of recovery.

A return to substance use after a period of reduction or abstinence. The term is often preferred to language implying moral failure.

The transition from incarceration or another justice-system status back into community life, including the legal, social, health, housing, employment, and administrative processes involved.

A collaborative group of agencies, providers, community members, people with lived experience, employers, and other stakeholders working on reentry needs.

A professional responsible for organizing release planning, service connections, documentation, and interagency coordination.

A formal or informal body that coordinates reentry policy, services, partnerships, and system improvement.

A specialized court model that uses judicial oversight and coordinated services to support eligible people during community transition.

Housing intended or marketed for people returning from incarceration or navigating justice-system transitions. It is not a single nationally standardized housing level.

A professional or trained helper who assists people in understanding and reaching services, benefits, documents, and official pathways.

An organized sequence of steps connecting release preparation, supervision, benefits, housing, health, employment, and community services.

A structured plan identifying immediate and longer-term release needs, responsibilities, appointments, services, and backup options.

A program designed to support transition from custody or justice involvement into stable community participation.

Housing, employment, health, treatment, benefits, identification, transportation, legal, family, mentoring, and other supports associated with community transition.

A designated group formed to study, coordinate, recommend, or implement reentry policy and services.

Designed or presented with the needs of people returning to the community after incarceration or justice involvement in mind.

A recommendation, information transfer, or connection directing a person to another provider or service. A referral does not guarantee eligibility, availability, or acceptance.

An agency or professional role authorized to direct, approve, assign, or formally refer a person to services. OACRA is not a referral authority.

Documentation that a receiving provider or agency received a referral and, when available, identified the next intake or appointment step.

A document from an authorized professional or agency requesting, recommending, or documenting a connection to a provider or service.

An agency, professional, provider, institution, or organization that connects people to services.

The sequence of contacts, documents, screenings, and decisions used to connect someone with a service.

How efficiently listing information helps a referral professional identify fit, requirements, geography, availability, and next steps.

Conduct classified by an applicable program as refusing or failing to complete required testing.

A geographic grouping used to organize services, such as a metro area, multi-county area, rural region, or statewide zone.

Processes intended to support behavioral change, health, education, skills, stability, and successful community participation.

Return to jail or prison after release, whether for a new sentence, revocation, or another lawful basis. Definitions differ across studies and agencies.

A court decision continuing or restoring probation after an alleged or established violation, often with the same or modified conditions.

A return or worsening of symptoms or substance use after improvement. Meaning depends on the condition and clinical context.

Official approval or documentation permitting release after legal, administrative, sentence, identification, and hold requirements are satisfied.

Clothing supplied or approved for a person leaving custody when personal clothing is unavailable or unsuitable.

A correctional, agency, or community professional who helps organize discharge planning, documentation, appointments, benefits, and service connections.

An authorized determination granting, denying, postponing, rescinding, or otherwise resolving a release request or review.

An official record confirming release status, date, conditions, or related information.

The legal or administrative point at which a person may qualify for release consideration, placement, or discharge. Eligibility does not guarantee release.

Money disbursed at release from a person’s institutional account, statutory allowance, program fund, or another authorized source.

A legal or administrative restriction preventing release until another authority, warrant, detainer, placement, or requirement is resolved.

Notice provided to an authorized person, agency, victim, provider, or supervising authority concerning an anticipated or completed release.

A written authorization allowing specified information to be disclosed to named persons or entities for defined purposes.

A collection of documents provided at release, which may include identification, orders, reporting instructions, medication information, benefits documents, appointments, and service referrals.

A documented plan for residence, supervision, treatment, transportation, employment, benefits, identification, and other release requirements.

A case-review meeting used to evaluate release readiness, barriers, housing, treatment, supervision, records, and transition responsibilities.

A documented arrangement for travel from the institution to the first approved destination and later required appointments.

A practical list of documents, medications, transportation, reporting instructions, contacts, funds, and immediate tasks needed on the day of release.

Transportation arranged from the releasing institution to an approved residence, supervision office, treatment program, transit point, or other destination.

Instruction intended to strengthen academic skills needed for success in college-level or occupational coursework.

A period in which symptoms no longer meet full diagnostic criteria or are substantially reduced, as defined by the applicable clinical framework.

Reporting through telephone, kiosk, video, mobile application, web portal, or another approved method rather than an in-person office visit.

Public or private financial assistance used to reduce a tenant’s rent burden.

Formal instructions authorizing and directing an eligible person to report to the receiving state under compact procedures.

An authorized reduction or waiver of a reporting requirement while other supervision conditions may remain in effect.

Confirmation that a person lives or may live at a reported address and that the location meets applicable requirements.

A compact-rule term concerning qualifying family members residing in a receiving state, as defined by applicable ICAOS rules.

A structured community-based residential facility used in some correctional systems to support transition, employment, accountability, and release preparation.

Clinical treatment delivered in a setting where participants live on site for a defined period.

OACRA’s collection of public educational guides, professional resources, state pathways, and service-navigation materials.

The process of locating, comparing, and contacting relevant services or official information.

A characteristic affecting how a person may best engage with or benefit from an intervention, such as learning style, motivation, language, disability, culture, or mental health.

A court-ordered payment intended to compensate a victim or another authorized recipient for specified losses.

The process by which a sending state returns a supervised individual from a receiving state under compact authority.

Continued participation in a program, service, treatment episode, job, or housing placement over a stated period.

Placement back into jail, prison, or another custodial setting following a warrant, violation, revocation, or other lawful authority.

Termination of probation, parole, supervised release, or another conditional status because of an authorized finding of violation.

A hearing at which an authorized decision-maker determines whether a supervision violation occurred and whether revocation or another response is warranted.

A term of custody or other consequence imposed after revocation, as authorized by governing law.

A structured assessment used to inform release decisions by estimating specified risks. It should be interpreted within its validated purpose and limitations.

A later administration or review of a risk instrument to identify changes that may affect supervision planning.

Training on authorized administration, scoring, limitations, interpretation, and use of a risk or needs assessment.

A credential or authorization required by an instrument owner, agency, or implementation policy before using a specified assessment.

A correctional framework aligning intervention intensity with assessed risk, targeting changeable needs, and adapting delivery to learning style, motivation, abilities, and circumstances.

A security method limiting system access according to assigned job role and authorized functions.

Limited availability or accessibility of needed services in rural or geographically isolated areas.

An authorized consequence for noncompliance or a violation.

An institution’s standard for measuring whether a student is progressing adequately toward a credential for federal student-aid purposes.

Housing units located throughout the community rather than concentrated in one facility.

Software that converts on-screen text and interface information into synthesized speech or Braille output.

A preliminary review used to identify apparent eligibility, needs, risks, exclusions, or next steps. It is not always a full assessment.

An initial analytical test used to identify specimens requiring additional confirmation or review.

A person qualified under an applicable program to conduct alcohol screening tests using an authorized device.

A form of record relief that restricts access to or use of specified records under applicable law. The legal effect varies by jurisdiction.

Training on the legal authority, limits, documentation, safety, and agency procedures governing searches and seizure of property.

Content organized with descriptive titles, headings, fields, links, and text that support discovery in search systems.

A federal experimental initiative that permitted participating institutions to provide Pell-funded education to eligible incarcerated students before broader restoration through the Prison Education Program framework.

Accounts or services designed for people who may have difficulty opening standard bank accounts because of prior account history.

Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, which prohibits disability discrimination in programs or activities receiving federal financial assistance and in specified federal programs.

A process allowing an individual to contact or apply to a provider without a formal referral from another agency.

The state that transfers supervision and retains specified legal authority over the supervised individual.

The punishment, conditions, or legal consequences imposed after a criminal disposition.

The administrative computation of time served, credits, release eligibility, and projected or maximum release dates.

A professional responsible for calculating sentence dates, custody credits, release eligibility, detainers, and related time information.

The court that imposed the sentence and may retain authority over specified post-sentencing matters.

A mental illness associated with serious functional impairment, as defined by the relevant clinical, program, or legal framework.

The geographic location or population range a provider reports serving.

A classification used to organize directories, including community service, employment, housing, treatment, and financial help.

The uninterrupted or coordinated continuation of needed services across release, transfer, provider change, or another transition.

The process of finding relevant providers, programs, and official pathways through search, directories, structured listings, or referrals.

The relationship between a provider’s actual services and the directory category, population, geography, and use case in which it is presented.

The delivery arrangement for a service, such as in-person, virtual, hybrid, residential, outpatient, mobile, or statewide.

A needed service that is unavailable, inaccessible, insufficient, or not connected to the person who needs it.

Using organized information to identify possible services, understand requirements, and reach the responsible provider or authority.

An organization or program delivering housing, employment, treatment, community service, financial assistance, or another support.

A direct path to a category, provider, application, contact method, official agency, or next step.

The extent to which referred, available, or enrolled services are actually used.

Checking a proposed community service site’s identity, duties, supervision, documentation, safety, and acceptance before hours begin.

A specialized supervision status or caseload for people subject to sex-offense-related laws and conditions. Requirements are highly jurisdiction-specific.

Specialized training on offense-specific conditions, risk, treatment coordination, technology, victim safety, and legal restrictions.

A collaborative process in which a person and professional discuss evidence, preferences, risks, and options when making care decisions.

A hearing requiring a person to explain why a specified order should not be enforced or why another court action should not occur.

A defined process used when a person cannot provide a sufficient urine specimen during a required collection.

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, a federal-state program providing food-purchase benefits to eligible households.

A commonly used term for alcohol- and drug-free shared housing. The term is not a uniform legal or clinical classification.

The conditions in which people are born, live, learn, work, and age that influence health and access to opportunity, including housing, income, transportation, education, safety, and social support.

Individualized parole requirements imposed in addition to standard conditions.

A supervision caseload organized around a particular population, offense type, risk level, treatment need, or court model.

Probation delivered through a specialized officer, caseload, program, or court structure addressing defined needs or legal requirements.

Testing used to evaluate whether a specimen is consistent with normal human characteristics and free of substitution or adulteration.

A sentence combining a period of incarceration with probation, community control, or another community-based component.

A specimen divided into separate containers so a second portion may be tested under applicable review procedures.

The manner in which OACRA identifies an organization supporting directory or resource infrastructure.

A paid OACRA listing or visibility arrangement identified as sponsored and governed by editorial safeguards.

The agreed geographic, category, page, recognition, and duration parameters of a sponsorship.

The process of establishing sufficient safety, housing, health care, income, transportation, and support to reduce immediate crisis and support continued progress.

A credential designed to build toward additional, more advanced credentials or qualifications.

The ordinary supervision level in a jurisdiction, generally less intensive than intensive or specialized probation.

An educational OACRA page organizing general state-specific supervision or reentry information and directing readers to responsible authorities.

A credential recognized by a state as equivalent to a high-school diploma for specified purposes.

A directory covering one state and a specified service category or broader resource scope.

Training required or recommended for authorized administration and scoring of the Static-99R actuarial risk instrument.

A hearing used to review case progress, pending issues, compliance, scheduling, or needed court action.

A substance use disorder involving stimulant substances and meeting applicable diagnostic criteria.

Time spent in the community on parole or another release status. Whether it counts toward the sentence after revocation depends on governing law.

Machine-readable markup, such as Schema.org JSON-LD, used to describe page entities and relationships to search systems.

A qualified professional who performs evaluations and makes education, treatment, follow-up, and return-to-duty recommendations under DOT rules.

A health condition involving a problematic pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress.

A specimen with characteristics inconsistent with normal human specimen criteria and classified as substituted under applicable rules.

Formal completion of supervision in a status indicating that the responsible authority considers the supervision term successfully completed.

A broad, multidimensional concept involving lawful community participation and progress in areas such as housing, health, relationships, employment, education, and stability. Measures vary.

Training on warning signs, direct inquiry, immediate safety steps, emergency response, and referral procedures.

A formal notice requiring a person to appear before a court or authority.

A court-ordered period of federal community supervision that follows imprisonment. It is distinct from traditional parole.

The court, probation office, parole agency, corrections department, compact office, or other entity legally responsible for supervision decisions.

A requirement governing conduct, reporting, residence, treatment, travel, payments, contact, testing, or another aspect of community supervision.

A reduction in supervision intensity or classification based on authorized review.

An agency classification used to determine contact frequency, monitoring, interventions, and case-management intensity.

A structured outline of conditions, goals, reporting, interventions, referrals, and other supervision activities.

A review of risk, needs, compliance, progress, and circumstances to determine whether the supervision plan or level should change.

An authorized decrease in contact frequency, monitoring, restrictions, or supervision intensity.

The authorized period during which a person remains under probation, parole, supervised release, or another community-supervision status.

Housing combined with services intended to promote stability for people with significant needs. Funding, tenancy, eligibility, and service models differ.

A sentence whose execution is delayed or withheld under specified conditions. The legal effect varies by jurisdiction.

A testing method using an adhesive patch to collect substances excreted through sweat over a period of time.

Training and demonstrated proficiency required before authorized carrying or use of a conducted-energy weapon.

A violation of a parole condition that is not itself based on a new criminal conviction, such as missed reporting or an unauthorized move.

Revocation based on violation of supervision conditions rather than a new criminal conviction, as defined by the reporting system.

A violation of a supervision condition that is not itself a new criminal offense, such as failure to report, unauthorized travel, or missed treatment.

Delivery of health or behavioral-health services through telecommunications technology, subject to licensing, privacy, payer, and program rules.

Short-term lodging used immediately after release while permanent, transitional, or approved housing is secured.

A landlord’s or housing operator’s review of application information such as identity, income, rental history, credit, references, and criminal records.

A provisional release date subject to approval, verification, conduct, program completion, detainers, or other requirements.

Credit for time already spent in custody that is applied to a sentence under governing law.

Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, which prohibits discrimination based on race, color, or national origin by recipients of federal financial assistance.

The pausing or extension of a supervision term under circumstances authorized by law, often associated with absconding, warrants, or unresolved violations. Rules vary substantially.

Support for a group of OACRA educational resources organized around a subject such as housing, treatment, employment, or financial access.

A laboratory or medical report describing analysis for drugs, alcohol, poisons, medications, or related substances.

Documentation that a course or module was completed. It does not necessarily establish professional certification or legal authority.

An official educational record listing courses, grades, credits, credentials, and related academic information.

Continuous or periodic monitoring of alcohol excreted through the skin using a wearable device.

Academic credit accepted by one institution based on coursework completed elsewhere.

The formal compact submission asking another state to accept supervision.

A prerelease meeting that reviews the reentry plan, responsibilities, services, appointments, documentation, and communication among involved parties.

Planning that coordinates movement from custody, treatment, hospitalization, or another institutional setting into community services and responsibilities.

A document summarizing release needs, completed referrals, appointments, benefits, health information, housing, and supervision instructions.

A professional who assists with prerelease preparation, documentation, benefits, service referrals, and community transition.

A custody arrangement used near release that may involve work release, community confinement, home confinement, or another structured placement.

Time-limited housing combined with services intended to support movement toward greater stability or permanent housing.

The written rendering of text from one language into another.

The practical means by which a person travels from custody to an approved location on the day of release.

A documented strategy for reaching required reporting, work, treatment, court, benefits, housing, and daily needs.

An approach that recognizes the prevalence and effects of trauma and seeks to support safety, trust, choice, collaboration, and empowerment.

Training on recognizing trauma effects and using practices intended to promote safety, trust, choice, collaboration, and responsiveness.

An injury to the brain caused by an external force that may affect cognition, behavior, communication, emotion, or physical functioning.

Approval from the responsible authority to travel when a supervision condition requires prior authorization.

Written or electronic authorization allowing travel outside an otherwise restricted area for specified dates and purposes.

A specialized court model integrating judicial oversight with treatment and related services for an eligible population.

A clinical document identifying assessed problems, goals, services, frequency, responsibilities, and review measures.

An organization or professional delivering substance-use, mental-health, counseling, evaluation, medication, or related care.

A professional opinion about an appropriate service, level of care, or intervention based on an evaluation or assessment.

Authorized communication of attendance, enrollment, progress, completion, discharge, or other treatment information to a designated recipient.

A limitation under applicable disability law when a requested action would create significant difficulty or expense based on the legally required analysis.

The trade name of Federal Prison Industries, a government corporation that provides work and training opportunities within the federal prison system.

Termination of supervision in a status indicating unresolved noncompliance, revocation, transfer, or another outcome not classified as successful completion.

A probation status with little or no routine officer contact while court conditions and legal jurisdiction may continue.

Testing of a urine specimen for specified drugs or metabolites.

Training and demonstrated proficiency required to collect urine specimens under a specified testing program.

Training on legal standards, agency policy, decision-making, de-escalation, tactics, reporting, and medical response related to force.

Periodic review confirming that a person still needs and is authorized to access a protected system.

A court order setting aside or nullifying a prior judgment or conviction for a legally authorized reason.

The geographic location or court district in which a case is heard.

An OACRA status indicating that specified ownership, identity, contact, or submitted listing information has undergone OACRA’s verification process. It is not government approval, clinical accreditation, court acceptance, or a guarantee of service quality.

A problem-solving court model serving eligible veterans through judicial oversight, treatment, mentoring, and coordinated services.

Information, statements, or participation provided by a victim or authorized representative in a release or parole process, as permitted by law.

Training on victim rights, safety, trauma, notification, confidentiality, and referral practices.

A video-based service providing remote sign-language or spoken-language interpretation, subject to quality, technology, and suitability requirements.

A proceeding to determine whether a supervision violation occurred and what response is authorized.

An allegation or finding that a person failed to comply with one or more probation conditions.

A report prepared for a court or releasing authority describing an alleged supervision violation, supporting information, and sometimes a recommended response.

A service delivered remotely through phone, video, portal, messaging, or another digital method.

The degree to which a provider, directory, resource, or sponsor recognition can be found and understood by users or search systems.

A credential documenting completion of occupational training or demonstration of job-related competencies.

Education and training focused on preparation for a trade, occupation, or technical career.

A queue for people who may be considered when capacity becomes available. Placement on a waitlist does not guarantee eventual admission.

A service route allowing a person to appear during designated hours without a previously scheduled appointment, subject to current capacity and screening.

A direct, coordinated transfer from one provider or institution to another that includes personal connection, appointment support, information exchange, or confirmation rather than only giving contact information.

A direct institutional-to-community connection involving personal introduction, appointment coordination, records exchange, or confirmation that the receiving service is prepared to engage.

A violation committed knowingly or intentionally under a legal standard that may be relevant to a court’s decision. The governing definition varies.

The Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act, the federal framework supporting coordinated workforce-development, employment, education, and training systems.

Clinical management of intoxication or withdrawal, including monitoring, medication, and referral to ongoing care when appropriate.

A disposition, used notably in Florida, in which the court does not enter a formal adjudication of guilt after a plea or finding. It ordinarily does not erase the arrest, charge, plea, or case from public criminal-history and court records, and it may still be treated as a conviction under particular statutes, licensing rules, immigration law, federal law, or private screening policies.

A dismissal ends a charge without a judgment of guilt on that charge. A withhold of adjudication generally follows a guilty or no-contest plea or finding of guilt but stops short of a formal adjudication. The two dispositions are not equivalent.

A federal tax credit available to employers that hire and obtain required certification for individuals in designated target groups.

A program allowing an eligible person in custody or community confinement to work outside the facility under specified rules and return requirements.

A credential intended to document skills, knowledge, or qualifications relevant to employment.

A public, nonprofit, educational, or private organization participating in employment, training, hiring, credentialing, or career services.

Services developing foundational skills, job-search readiness, communication, digital literacy, and other capacities related to employment.

Coordinated, individualized services addressing multiple needs such as housing, health, treatment, employment, transportation, family, and benefits.